Back to NetGalley reads today and at this point I’m half-way through my 10 books to read for July, having actually finished 6 as I had one that came in suddenly and was published in June. And at the time of writing this review, I was already part-way through “Girls They Write Songs About”. I haven’t read any of Kendi’s other well-known and best-selling books, just really because they concentrated on the US experience of racism and antiracism and I was trying to catch up with the books published in/about the UK first. Then this one popped up on NetGalley and I just had to go for it.
Ibram X. Kendi – “How to Raise an Antiracist”
(23 May 2022, NetGalley)
We raise a critical thinker in much the same way as we raised an antiracist. Asking, not telling. Modeling, not lecturing. Radically changing the environment and ourselves.
As I say above, I haven’t read any of Dr Kendi’s other books, but going on this one, I will do so. I don’t know if the personal and almost confiding nature of the narrative, with personal experience woven in with academic research and calls for action, is a feature of all of his work, but it made it an attractive read, making me feel we were all in it together if we want equity for all peoples and an end to systematic as well as personal racism, and understanding that antiracism is a journey and we can exhibit aspects of both antiracism and racism (especially given that racism includes seeing racism yourself and doing nothing about it, the kind of “default” “neutral” status people try to claim as “I’m not racist”) as we move along that journey.
Although Kendi was working on his “How to be an Antiracist” when his daughter Imani was born, but he admits it didn’t strike him till much later that alongside he and his partner Sadiqa child-proofing the house against accidental injury, they should have been child-proofing her against racism. Then he admits he finds it uncomfortable to have to do that, to introduce the idea of racism to his small, innocent daughter.
He then takes the background of first Sadiqa’s treatment when she was pregnant (she is a paediatrician and knew something was wrong anyway but was naysaid and disbelieved until it was suddenly clear that something was very wrong; this is set against figures showing that the maternal mortality rate for Black women in the US is more than three times that for White women); their first moments with their baby; Imani’s daycare (where only White dolls were available; this is compared to the famous sociological Doll Test); and her first school – as she’s only five by the end of the book, we then follow Ibram and his brother’s journey through their own school lives (encountering racism from caregivers and teachers; compared with research on racist and ablist perceptions and actions of teachers, underfunding of schools, overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of learning disabilities, etc.). So all through the book, he takes personal experience expressed clearly and honestly, then compares it to the research that has been done on all types of children and families, and then offers points to work on, learning points and action points.
One small issue I have with the book is of course that it’s a US-based book, so the stats and experiences include Latinx and Native (as he calls them) American people, with South Asians being lumped together, where the UK experience obviously has a smaller proportion of GMP populations but more people from South and East Asia as a proportion. But obviously the issues are very similar, and the statistics here will be similar based on our populations. I still have a bit of trouble getting my head around the levels of school grades in the US, and while he talks about class-based issues and poverty, I’m not sure the class issues are the same in both countries. This is obviously not a criticism, just an aspect of reading this book from here, and there are plenty of books that show the UK stats and issues (for example, “Brit(ish)“, “Slay in Your Lane“, “Natives” and some upcoming ones here, too).
Anyway, the powerful options he suggests are useful anywhere: teaching critical thinking, discussing what has happened in the news or what the child has seen. He extends this nicely to cover other issues such as gender, people with disabilities and the accommodations they might need, class and poverty issues, showing how we can influence the children in our lives to see and notice inequity and protest against it. There’s a call for both changing ourselves AND society at the end:
We must stop problematizing children and start problematizing power and policy – and ourselves. We can parent better. We can teach better. We can care for the child better. But there are limits to what we can do as caregivers, especially when resources are lacking, when kids are irritable from hunger, when parents and teachers keep getting evicted from homes or buildings, or because the state, through its policies, is imposing a racist curriculum onto parents and teachers.
The afterword builds a picture of the backlash in the US after George Floyd’s death and the growth of the BLM movement – I hadn’t realised about all the curriculum changes made since then by White supremacist activists trying to remove “critical race theory” from schools to as they claim protect their children from hating their own race (research shows White children don’t end up hating their race from being educated about racism; there’s a chance Black children will stop self-hatred when that education is there). I don’t think that’s a thing in the UK, where curriculum reform is adding GMP history into schools, though I’m not entirely sure on this.
A great book with lots of really powerful and useful, practical points. The referencing is done well, with authors’ names being given in the text but with no footnotes or endnote numbers to break the concentration and a reference list done by chapter and page at the back – suitable for a book like this, I think. I loved that he acknowledged his wife as “The real Dr Kendi” and thanked his editors in detail at the end. If you are raising, teaching or around babies to teenagers and want to explore introducing antiracism in their lives, I recommend this book.
Thank you to Bodley Head Publishers/Vintage Books for selecting me to read this book in return for an honest review. “How to Raise an Antiracist” was published on 7 July 2022.
Jul 19, 2022 @ 08:57:39
The worst thing about US education, as I understand it, is that they are autonomous, under the direction of elected school boards. That means that a government can’t make teaching about anything mandatory, not even really important things like what’s need to end the bitter divisions in their society. It’s left up to individuals.
By comparison, here in Victoria, after some anti-Semitic behaviour amongst school children, the state government mandated teaching about the Holocaust for all students in all schools, including religious schools, (in Year 9 I think).
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 09:08:39
From my reading of this there seem to be some State-mandated curriculum things but that means a Republican-run state can impose not teaching about racism or America’s actual history on all schools, and indeed an activist in a school board can suppress curriculum. But I’m not an expert. We have a national curriculum here and there is work going on to push to decolonise it. That’s interesting about the state government in Victoria, and good for them. Not country-wide, again, though?
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 14:14:20
Typically, students in the U.S. have to take state-wide tests, meaning something was determined by the U.S. beyond local school boards, though Lisa is right: school boards are elected. Unfortunately, school board candidates might be someone who has no experience or credentials but wins a vote by shouting the loudest about whatever key term has scared parents recently (like critical race theory). I remember reading recently that most people, when asked what CRT is, couldn’t give a definition. I think they assume it means “we hate white people, and we’re going to teach white children to feel bad.” That’s….not the definition.
I will say that I have not read Kendi’s books, and I’ve always had the feeling that his titles are so strong as to perhaps scare off even more liberal-minded folks. Oh, especially that book Anti-Racist Baby. I mean, I get what he’s saying (you have to start young), but the title sounds like indoctrination. I wonder if more people would take to him if he changed the titles. Then again, there is lots of evidence that taking a middle-of-the-road or more comfortable approach is a failing endeavor.
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 17:18:34
Interesting data on the schools, thank you. Our UK system is complex enough now (with commercial academies, standard state schools, private schools and public schools) which leaves me less room to understand other people’s!
Your points on the title are interesting, too. I personally haven’t found that a problem or a barrier – this title intrigued me and the idea of doing nothing not being antiracist makes sense to me. The literal only reason I haven’t read his main book yet is that I have been concentrating on the UK experience and thus UK or general authors, as I feel I need to get a good understanding of what’s going on here. And I’ve read things with more challenging-sounding titles – I struggled a bit with “Me and White Supremacy” and “Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Racism” is pretty assertive, too: the former turned out to be very uncomfortable reading indeed, the latter less so and can be seen to have a “Most” before the “White People” of the title. So title and contents can vary. I do appreciate your viewpoint, though.
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Jul 20, 2022 @ 01:28:44
It’s complicated. (Federal system). The States are responsible for education but the Feds give them the funds from taxation to pay for it. so they get a say in it. On most things, the Feds and the State meet regularly to iron out inconsistences (e.g. for things like transport regulations so that interstate truck drivers don’t have to negotiate different rules as they cross borders.) So the Feds set up a national curriculum, which the states then tailor to suit their own circumstances, maintaining the broad principles but making it relevant to their students, as in Australian history (including Black History) for example which differs from state to state.
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Jul 20, 2022 @ 07:06:15
Thank you for the detail, that’s really helpful. I hadn’t thought of the history changing from state to state, too, but of course it would have. Interesting.
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 09:44:46
I think you’re right that the US and the UK are not entirely comparable but that paragraph you’ve quoted can be applied to any country, and not just when addressing racism.
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 13:33:45
Yes, there was an awful lot that can apply across the two countries/cultures even if our demographics are slightly different and our racism grows from different sources.
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 14:40:17
I read and reviewed Kendi’s How to Be an Antiracist a couple of years ago. He used the same mix of personal, political and policy there too. I agree with you that his almost confessional writing gives more credibility to the book and helps us all understand it’s a journey for everyone.
Thanks for this great review, Liz.
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 17:20:26
Thank you for filling in that detail for me, I will definitely look out for a copy in that case. Although I deeply appreciate that White people have done much bad stuff and are still doing so, some of the books I’ve read have felt so accusatory that it’s made me struggle to see the actual messages beneath that, obviously if that’s the way someone wishes and needs to write, I’m not going to tone-police them, but sometimes a more inclusive, confessional approach might call people in rather than out and get that message across.
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 19:06:02
Impressive that the author could explore academic and personal experiences with that important call for change. Education of course should play a big part in those, but I don’t know much about the US system really. Interesting that you point out the differences between US and UK, although issues are clearly similar, the two countries I think are vastly different.
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Jul 20, 2022 @ 07:07:57
Yes, I don’t think people realise how different: the main thing I find strikes me is that most Black people who were born in the US don’t know where they originally came from, whereas most Black people born in the UK will be second- to fourth-generation and know their origins. Not that the racism differs that much, or the police stuff, etc. Different and the same, I suppose, like many things.
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Jul 19, 2022 @ 19:23:59
Really interesting Liz, and I guess although the systems are different, many of the specific experiences are shared. I definitely think the class structure is very different in the US from here, and because the country is so big it’s hard to standardise education. I think it should be, though, because it’s so important to try to teach children consistently, and well. The National Curriculum over here is problematic but certainly in my experience we try to teach tolerance and equality, and squash any discriminatin which turns up in school. The main problem is, I’m afraid, that many of the problems come from home…
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Jul 20, 2022 @ 07:09:26
Yes, indeed, and that’s why education is important and Kendi makes a point of talking about the people in children’s lives rather than just their immediate family, trying to make a difference. I would be glad of a more decolonised curriculum; we certainly didn’t learn any Black history and we “did” India and Partition but not the huge mess “we” made of it.
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Jul 20, 2022 @ 12:24:28
I really admire your commitment to reading a wide range of non-fiction on tackling racism and other major social issues – and you’re clearly finding it very worthwhile and enriching, which is great to see. It’s also good to hear that there are some useful, practical points for readers to take away from this one. A very important component of this type of text, I think.
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Jul 23, 2022 @ 14:27:14
Thank you, that’s a lovely thing to say. I am indeed finding it worthwhile and enriching and am enjoying the range of books that’s newly available, while worrying it will dry up, as these flourishes often do, sadly. It is good to have practical points and something I will always look out for and write about. It is good to raise awareness but that leads, hopefully, to an impulse to help or do better, which does need practical help at times.
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Jul 24, 2022 @ 10:03:26
Jul 24, 2022 @ 19:45:40
Liz, I’m glad you liked this book and discovered some practical points!
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Jul 25, 2022 @ 09:17:49
Thank you! I’ll definitely pick up his earlier books; I haven’t been avoiding them, just concentrating on UK stuff, but he has a style that really works for me.
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Jul 25, 2022 @ 23:48:38
Yes. I’ve heard Stamped is pretty good. I have yet to read it but plan to.
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